This post is arguably high falutin’ – some might say esoteric and hence not for everyone. However, we believe that it touches on the crucial issues which surround governance at Glen Eira. ‘Governance’ is a much bandied about word. It lends itself to all sorts of restrictions as well as opportunities – depending on what the user wishes to emphasise. We highlight below extracts from a recent publication into the various forms of governance at the local council level and ask readers to contemplate the ostensibly narrow nature of ‘governance’ as practised in our council. The discussion paper identifies 3 distinct forms of governance – corporate, democratic and community. We suggest that the latter two incarnations are conspicuous by their absence in Glen Eira!
5.2 Governance as democratic governance
Building on the decision making elements of the definition of governance outlined above, the term democratic governance is used to refer to deepening democratic engagement through the participation of citizens in the processes of governance with the state. The Victorian Good Governance Guide acknowledges the link between governance and democracy:
Relevant legislation is important in recognising and understanding the legal framework within which local government operates. However it is only one part of the guiding principles and issues that support good governance. Good governance must also have an ethical base. Democracy depends on generating and maintaining a strong foundation of trust between the community and those who govern. The need for transparency in governing processes underlies this trust, as does the honesty and integrity of the elected representatives and the administration (Exiter, R and the Good Governance Advisory Group, 2004: p 40).
The Victorian council, Surf Coast Shire, exemplifies this broader understanding of governance in their governance manual: “The Surf Shire Council is committed to promoting the wellbeing of the Shire’s residents and views good governance as the key to democracy at work. Good governance…also includes the way that local governments engage with their communities’ (Surf Coast Shire, 2009: 3).
Public discourse about democratic governance and its importance was heightened in Victoria following the period of local government amalgamations in the 1990’s and legislative requirements for compulsive competitive tendering of council services. Brian Galligan (University of Melbourne) explores democratic governance in the context of these reforms which were undertaken for efficiency purposes:
Even if we understand local government as enabler rather than provider of services, the distinction between local government as a system for ensuring efficient service provision and local government as a system of democratic governance remains a crucial one. That is because local government as enabler still has to determine the range and standards of services that its community requires (Galligan,1998:204).
The ‘Just Communities’ action research conducted with councils across Australia between 2006 and 2008, examined the practice of democratic governance by councils (Just Communities, 2010). The research report concluded that local government needs to find the right blend of community engagement, governance and decision-making processes, and management frameworks, to strengthen local democracy and advance community wellbeing. This project sought to define those interdependencies in what became the ‘GEM’ relationship model:
G – Democratic governance: Where leadership and decision-making by elected Councillors is based on a sound appreciation of community issues and needs and a commitment to effective community engagement in the political process.
E – Civic engagement: Where councils employ effective techniques to enable active citizens to influence the formulation and implementation of public policies that affect their daily lives.
M – Organisation management: Where public value management policies and practices are embedded in the workplace culture, acknowledge citizen participation rights and ensure that the outcomes of community engagement inform decision-making.